Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic virus, meaning that it can spread between animals and people. Fruit bats, also called flying foxes, are the natural host of NiV in nature. NiV can also cause illness in pigs and horses. Nipah virus infection in humans can cause a range of illnesses, from asymptomatic (subclinical) infection to acute respiratory infection and fatal encephalitis. The case fatality rate is estimated at 40% to 75%. Symptoms of NiV infection can include: Fever Headache Dizziness Myalgia (muscle pain) Vomiting Loose stools Sore throat Cough Difficulty breathing Drowsiness Disorientation Mental confusion Coma There is no specific treatment for NiV infection. Supportive care is provided to patients to relieve symptoms and manage complications. NiV virus can be transmitted to humans from animals through direct contact with infected animals or their body fluids, or through consumption of contaminated food or water. Person-to-person transmission can also occur throug...
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